Nonfossil

Nonfossil refers to energy sources or fuels that do not originate from fossil fuels such as coal, oil, or natural gas. In energy policy and planning, the term is used to categorize power generation that avoids fossil carbon emissions, either through the use of renewable resources or other low-carbon technologies. The concept is often contrasted with fossil-based energy to highlight climate and air-quality goals.

Nonfossil energy sources commonly include renewables such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass. In some policy contexts, nuclear power is also considered nonfossil or non-carbon due to its very low lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions, though it is not renewable. The classification can vary by jurisdiction and by whether the assessment concentrates on lifecycle emissions, instantaneous emissions, or fuel origin. The nonfossil label is sometimes used in market schemes and certification programs to verify the share of electricity that comes from nonfossil sources.

Policy applications of the nonfossil concept include targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, tracking progress toward decarbonization, and informing consumer choices through labeling or certificates. Nonfossil certifications help utilities and producers demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements or voluntary climate goals.

Challenges in pursuing nonfossil energy include intermittency for some renewables, the need for grid modernization, and discussions about nuclear safety, waste management, and land use. When managed effectively, expanding nonfossil generation can reduce fossil fuel dependency and lower emissions while supporting energy security and innovation.