Nitrum

Nitrum is an historical name used in alchemical and early chemical writings to refer to potassium nitrate, commonly known as saltpeter. The term derives from Latin nitrum, and in older sources it sometimes denotes nitrates in general, but in many contexts it specifically identifies potassium nitrate (KNO3).

Chemically, nitrum is the salt of potassium with nitric acid. It forms a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and acts as a strong oxidizer. It melts at about 334 degrees Celsius and, when heated further, decomposes to release nitrogen oxides and oxygen.

Occurrence and production: Natural deposits of potassium nitrate occur as mineral nitre (saltpeter). Historically, nitrum was recovered from soil nitre beds and guano deposits. In modern industry, potassium nitrate is produced by neutralizing nitric acid with potassium salts or by processing nitrate-bearing ore; it is also refined from natural nitre deposits in some regions.

Uses: Nitrum has long been used as an oxidizer in gunpowder and other pyrotechnic compositions. In modern times, potassium nitrate is widely used as a fertilizer and as a component in curing blends for meat; it also finds specialized uses in metallurgy and electronics as an oxidizing agent.

Safety: As an oxidizer, nitrum can intensify fires and burn with common combustibles. It should be stored away from fuels and acids, and handling should follow appropriate safety guidelines.