Nitropropane

Nitropropane refers to two structural isomers of nitropropane: 1-nitropropane (propane-1-nitro) and 2-nitropropane (propane-2-nitro). Both share the molecular formula C3H7NO2 and are commonly used as solvents and chemical intermediates. They are generally colorless liquids at room temperature and are typically sold as single isomers or as mixtures. They are miscible with many organic solvents and have limited water solubility.

Production and occurrence: Industrial production of nitropropane usually involves nitration of propene or other propylene derivatives under acid-catalyzed conditions, which yields a mixture of isomers that can be separated or used as a mixture. Nitropropane can also arise as a byproduct in certain nitration processes.

Uses: Nitropropane is used as a solvent in coatings, cleaners, and adhesives, and serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals, including amines, alcohols, and other nitro compounds. Reductive or other transformations of nitropropane enable the formation of propylamine and related derivatives, while other reactions can convert it to nitriles or more complex products for pharmaceutical and chemical manufacturing.

Safety and handling: Nitropropane is flammable and should be stored away from heat, sparks, and oxidizers in a well-ventilated area. It can irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract and may affect the central nervous system if inhaled or ingested. Protective equipment such as gloves and goggles should be used, and spills should be contained and cleaned up with inert absorbents according to local regulations.

See also: Nitroalkanes.