Nichtwahrscheinlichkeitliche

Nichtwahrscheinlichkeitliche refers to a concept in statistical sampling that deviates from random selection. In non-probability sampling, the selection of individuals or units for a study is not based on chance. Instead, it relies on the judgment or convenience of the researcher. This means that every member of the population does not have an equal or known probability of being included in the sample. There are several types of non-probability sampling methods. These include convenience sampling, where participants are chosen based on their easy availability; quota sampling, where researchers aim to fill specific quotas for certain characteristics within the sample; snowball sampling, which begins with a few initial participants who then refer others; and purposive sampling, where researchers select participants based on specific criteria relevant to the study. The primary advantage of non-probability sampling is often its cost-effectiveness and speed compared to probability sampling. However, a significant drawback is that it limits the ability to generalize findings to the larger population with statistical confidence. The results obtained from non-probability samples are subject to bias, and the sampling error cannot be calculated. Therefore, non-probability sampling is typically used in exploratory research, pilot studies, or when probability sampling is impractical or impossible.