Neutrófíla

Neutrófíla is a type of white blood cell, also known as a neutrophil, that plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is one of the most abundant types of white blood cells and is primarily responsible for fighting bacterial infections. Neutrophils are characterized by their multilobed nucleus, which gives them their distinctive appearance under a microscope. They are produced and mature in the bone marrow and are then released into the bloodstream, where they circulate until they encounter and engulf bacteria or other foreign particles.

When a neutrophil encounters a pathogen, it releases enzymes and reactive oxygen species to kill the invader. This process is known as phagocytosis. Neutrophils are also involved in the inflammatory response, releasing chemicals that attract more immune cells to the site of infection. Despite their effectiveness against bacteria, neutrophils are less effective against viruses and fungi, which are often targeted by other types of white blood cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages.

Neutrófíla levels can be affected by various factors, including stress, illness, and certain medications. Conditions that cause a decrease in neutrophil count, such as neutropenia, can make individuals more susceptible to infections. Conversely, conditions that cause an increase in neutrophil count, such as certain types of leukemia, can lead to an overactive immune response and increased risk of infection. Regular monitoring of neutrophil levels is important for individuals with conditions that affect their immune system, such as cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.