Neutroniaktivaatioanalyysi

Neutroniaktivaatioanalyysi is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample. The process involves irradiating a sample with neutrons, which causes some of the atoms within the sample to become radioactive. These radioactive isotopes then emit gamma rays, each with a characteristic energy. By measuring the energy and intensity of these gamma rays, scientists can identify and quantify the elements present in the original sample.

The neutrons used for irradiation are typically produced by a nuclear reactor or a neutron generator. When a neutron is absorbed by an atomic nucleus, it can form an unstable isotope. This unstable nucleus then decays, releasing energy in the form of gamma rays. The rate of decay and the energy of the emitted gamma rays are unique to each specific radioactive isotope. Sophisticated detectors, such as germanium detectors, are used to capture these gamma rays and analyze their spectra.

Neutroniaktivaatioanalyysi is a highly sensitive technique, capable of detecting trace amounts of elements, often in the parts per million or parts per billion range. It is a non-destructive method in many cases, meaning the sample can be analyzed without being significantly altered. This makes it valuable for analyzing precious artifacts, archaeological samples, and biological specimens. The technique finds applications in various fields, including geology, materials science, environmental monitoring, forensics, and nuclear industry. The accuracy and sensitivity of the analysis depend on factors such as the neutron flux, the irradiation time, and the decay time.