Neutralinas

Neutralinas are hypothetical elementary particles that are electrically neutral. The term encompasses a broad category of particles that do not carry an electric charge. While many fundamental particles are charged, such as electrons and quarks, the existence of neutral counterparts is a common feature in theoretical physics.

The most well-known examples of neutralinos arise in supersymmetry, a theoretical framework that posits a symmetry between bosons and fermions. In supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model, each known particle has a superpartner with a different spin. The neutralinos are the superpartners of the neutral gauge bosons (photon and Z boson) and the neutral Higgs bosons. Specifically, a neutralino is typically a mixture of the superpartners of the photon, the Z boson, and the two neutral Higgs bosons.

Because neutralinos are electrically neutral, they interact only via the weak nuclear force and gravity. This makes them difficult to detect directly. Their interaction strength is generally considered to be quite weak. In theories where they exist, neutralinos are often candidates for dark matter, the invisible substance thought to make up a significant portion of the universe's mass. The properties of neutralinos, such as their mass and interaction cross-section, are constrained by experimental searches for dark matter and supersymmetric particles. If detected, neutralinos would have significant implications for our understanding of particle physics and cosmology.