Neurotransmiterov

Neurotransmiterov, often referred to as neurotransmitters, are chemical messengers that transmit signals across a chemical synapse from one neuron (nerve cell) to another target neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell. They are essential for the functioning of the nervous system, enabling communication between different parts of the body and the brain. These molecules are synthesized and stored in vesicles within the presynaptic neuron. Upon stimulation, these vesicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane, releasing the neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, the small gap between the two cells.

Once in the synaptic cleft, neurotransmitters diffuse across and bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. This binding triggers a response in the target cell, which can be either excitatory, meaning it increases the likelihood of the target cell firing an action potential, or inhibitory, meaning it decreases this likelihood. After binding and exerting their effect, neurotransmitters are typically removed from the synaptic cleft through various mechanisms, such as enzymatic degradation or reuptake by the presynaptic neuron, to terminate the signal and allow for subsequent transmissions. Common examples of neurotransmitters include dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and glutamate, each playing diverse roles in mood, movement, learning, and memory.