Neurolepti

Neurolepti is a term that has been used historically to refer to a class of medications, primarily antipsychotics. These drugs were developed to treat severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The term itself is derived from Greek words meaning "to grasp" or "to seize" the nerves, reflecting an early understanding of their effect on the nervous system.

The primary mechanism of action for many older neuroleptics involves blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, particularly the D2 receptors. This action is believed to reduce the positive symptoms of psychosis, such as hallucinations and delusions. However, this dopamine blockade can also lead to a range of side effects, including motor disturbances like parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia, as well as sedation and weight gain.

Over time, the terminology has evolved. While "neuroleptic" is still understood, the term "antipsychotic" is now more commonly used. This shift reflects a broader understanding of these medications' therapeutic effects and a move away from the potentially stigmatizing implications of the older term. Antipsychotics are broadly categorized into first-generation (typical) and second-generation (atypical) drugs, with the latter generally having a different receptor binding profile and a potentially lower risk of certain motor side effects, though they can carry their own set of adverse effects. The management of psychiatric conditions with these medications is a complex process guided by medical professionals.