Neurinomas

Neurinomas are a type of tumor that arises from Schwann cells, which are the cells that form the myelin sheath, a protective covering around nerve fibers. These tumors are typically benign, meaning they are not cancerous and do not spread to other parts of the body. However, they can grow and press on surrounding nerves, leading to symptoms.

The most common location for a neurinoma is along cranial nerves, particularly the vestibular nerve, which controls balance and hearing. Tumors on this nerve are known as vestibular schwannomas or acoustic neuromas. Symptoms can include hearing loss in one ear, tinnitus (ringing in the ear), and dizziness or balance problems. Other cranial nerves can also be affected, leading to a variety of neurological symptoms depending on the nerve involved.

Neurinomas can also occur along spinal nerves and peripheral nerves. Symptoms in these locations depend on the specific nerve affected and can include pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the area served by that nerve.

The exact cause of neurinomas is not fully understood, although they are sometimes associated with genetic conditions like neurofibromatosis type 2. Diagnosis usually involves imaging tests such as MRI scans. Treatment options vary depending on the size and location of the tumor and the severity of symptoms. Small, asymptomatic tumors may be monitored, while larger or symptomatic tumors may be surgically removed or treated with radiation therapy.