Netzhautentzündung

Netzhautentzündung, also known as retinitis, refers to inflammation of the retina, the light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye. This condition can affect one or both eyes and can lead to varying degrees of vision loss, from blurred vision to complete blindness.

Causes of retinitis are diverse and can include infections, autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders, and exposure to certain toxins. Infectious retinitis can be caused by viruses like cytomegalovirus (CMV), bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Autoimmune conditions, such as sarcoidosis or lupus, can also trigger an inflammatory response in the retina. Certain inherited retinal diseases, like retinitis pigmentosa, are degenerative conditions that involve inflammation and cell death. Trauma to the eye or complications from surgery can also lead to retinitis.

Symptoms of retinitis can include blurred vision, floaters (specks or lines that drift across the field of vision), sensitivity to light, difficulty seeing in low light, and in severe cases, a loss of peripheral or central vision. The onset of symptoms can be rapid or gradual, depending on the underlying cause.

Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive eye examination by an ophthalmologist. This may include visual acuity tests, ophthalmoscopy to visualize the retina, and imaging techniques like optical coherence tomography (OCT) or fluorescein angiography to assess the extent of inflammation and damage. Blood tests or genetic testing may be performed to identify underlying systemic causes.

Treatment for retinitis depends on the specific cause. Antiviral, antibacterial, or antifungal medications are used for infectious causes. Corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation in autoimmune-related retinitis. For genetic forms, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and slowing disease progression, with research into gene therapies ongoing. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial to minimize vision loss.