Nettspenningen

Nettspenningen is the electrical mains voltage supplied by the public power grid to consumers. It is the voltage that most household and business equipment is designed to operate with, and it is typically expressed as an alternating current (AC) root-mean-square (RMS) value. In single-phase systems this is measured line-to-neutral, while in three-phase systems it can be described as line-to-neutral or line-to-line, depending on the connection.

Across the world, nominal nettspenning values vary. In Europe and many other regions the standard is around 230 V at a frequency of 50 Hz. In North America the standard is about 120 V at 60 Hz. In three-phase networks, common European values are 400 V line-to-line and 230 V line-to-neutral. These values are nominal; the actual voltage fluctuates with load, distance from transformers, and network conditions.

Voltage regulation and tolerances are defined by national grid codes and standards. Typical tolerances may be around ±10% in many regions, though stricter limits can apply for sensitive equipment. Voltage dips, swells, and transients can occur and may affect electrical devices, especially those with limited input regulation or high inrush currents.

Safety and measurement considerations are important with nettspenningen. It is hazardous to work on live mains, and measurements should be performed with appropriate equipment and precautions. When designing or selecting equipment, validating that its rated voltage matches the local nettspenning and its tolerance range is essential for reliable operation.