Nesteemboligiaineita

Nesteemboligiaineita are a class of liquids used to occlude blood vessels during endovascular procedures. In Finnish medical language the term describes injectable liquid substances that form an embolus when delivered into a vessel, as opposed to solid particles or mechanical coils. They are used primarily in interventional radiology and neuroradiology to achieve targeted vessel occlusion in hypervascular tumors, arteriovenous malformations and other vascular lesions.

The most widely used examples of nesteemboligiaineita are NBCA-based agents and EVOH-based agents. NBCA (n-butyl cyanoacrylate) mixes rapidly with blood and polymerizes to form a permanent cast within the vessel. EVOH-based agents, such as Onyx and related formulations, are dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and precipitate as the solvent diffuses, creating a cohesive embolic cast that can penetrate into small feeders with controlled visibility.

Delivery of these agents requires careful technique. They are administered through microcatheters under fluoroscopic guidance. NBCA is typically mixed with radiopaque contrast to adjust radiopacity and polymerization rate, while EVOH-based agents require thorough DMSO catheter priming and slow, controlled injections to minimize reflux and the risk of catheter entrapment.

Clinical applications include embolization of intracranial and spinal arteriovenous malformations, preoperative devascularization of hypervascular tumors, and selective embolization of peripheral vascular malformations. The choice of agent depends on anatomy, flow characteristics, desired distal penetration, and operator experience.

Safety considerations are essential, as risks include non-target embolization, catheter entrapment, skin or nerve injury, and unintended tissue damage. Nestaemboligiaineita require specialized training, careful planning, and real-time imaging to optimize outcomes and minimize complications.