Nervosoautônomo

Nervosoautônomo, also known as the autonomic nervous system or involuntary nervous system, is a division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary bodily functions. These functions include heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal. The autonomic nervous system is a critical component of the overall nervous system, working in conjunction with the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to maintain homeostasis, the body's stable internal environment.

The autonomic nervous system is further divided into two main branches: the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight-or-flight" response, preparing it for action in stressful situations by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and blood flow to muscles. Conversely, the parasympathetic nervous system is associated with the "rest-and-digest" response, promoting relaxation, conserving energy, and facilitating bodily functions like digestion and elimination.

These two branches generally work in opposition to one another, with the sympathetic system activating certain responses while the parasympathetic system inhibits them, creating a balance that allows the body to adapt to changing conditions. The autonomic nervous system operates largely unconsciously, meaning we do not have direct control over its actions. Its proper functioning is essential for survival and overall well-being, and dysfunctions can lead to a variety of health issues.