Nervenaktivität

Nervenaktivität refers to the physiological processes occurring within the nervous system. It encompasses the generation and propagation of electrical and chemical signals that allow for communication between different parts of the body and the external environment. At a fundamental level, this activity is carried out by specialized cells called neurons.

Neurons communicate through electrical impulses known as action potentials. These potentials are generated by changes in the electrical charge across the neuron's membrane, primarily due to the movement of ions. When an action potential reaches the end of a neuron, called the axon terminal, it triggers the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, a small gap between neurons.

These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the next neuron, either exciting or inhibiting its activity. This complex interplay of electrical and chemical signaling underlies all nervous system functions, from basic reflexes to higher-level cognitive processes like learning, memory, and consciousness. The coordinated activity of billions of neurons forms intricate neural networks responsible for sensing, processing, and responding to stimuli, enabling organisms to interact with and navigate their surroundings.