Nerodia

Nerodia is a genus of North American natricine snakes commonly known as water snakes. These nonvenomous constrictors are found throughout the eastern and central United States and into southeastern Canada. They are semi-aquatic and are typically found in or near freshwater environments such as lakes, ponds, rivers, and swamps. Their diet primarily consists of fish and amphibians. Species within the Nerodia genus are often robust-bodied with keeled scales. Coloration varies by species and can include patterns of brown, red, gray, or black, sometimes with darker bands or blotches. Young snakes may exhibit more distinct patterns than adults, which can sometimes become more uniform with age.

Distinguishing between different Nerodia species can be challenging due to their similar appearances and overlapping ranges. Common species include the Northern Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon), Banded Water Snake (Nerodia fasciata), Diamondback Water Snake (Nerodia rhombifer), and Green Water Snake (Nerodia cyclopion). While generally docile and preferring to flee rather than fight, water snakes may bite defensively if handled or cornered. These bites, though sometimes painful, are harmless. They play an important role in their ecosystems by controlling populations of fish and amphibians.