Neoplasi

Neoplasia is a medical term describing abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth. This uncontrolled proliferation leads to the formation of a mass or tumor. Neoplasms can be benign, meaning they do not invade surrounding tissues or spread to other parts of the body, or malignant, also known as cancer, which can invade and destroy nearby tissues and metastasize to distant sites. The development of neoplasia involves genetic mutations that disrupt normal cell cycle regulation. These mutations can be caused by various factors, including carcinogens, viruses, radiation, and genetic predispositions. The study of neoplasms is called oncology. Diagnosis typically involves physical examination, imaging techniques like X-rays or CT scans, and biopsies for microscopic examination of the abnormal cells. Treatment strategies vary widely depending on the type, stage, and location of the neoplasm and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted drug therapy. Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of neoplasia is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment methods.