NeoCalvinism

Neo-Calvinism is a theological movement that emerged in the Netherlands in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is a contemporary expression of Reformed theology, drawing inspiration from the 16th-century Calvinist tradition, particularly the work of John Calvin. Key figures associated with Neo-Calvinism include Abraham Kuyper and Herman Bavinck.

The movement is characterized by a distinct emphasis on the sovereignty of God in all areas of life, not just in salvation. Neo-Calvinists advocate for a comprehensive Christian worldview that seeks to engage and transform all spheres of human activity, including politics, education, arts, and sciences, under the lordship of Christ. This broad application of Christian principles to societal structures is often referred to as "sphere sovereignty."

Neo-Calvinism also distinguishes itself through its understanding of common grace. While affirming particular grace for the elect, it also teaches that God's grace extends to all humanity, enabling non-believers to contribute positively to society and culture. This concept is seen as a basis for Christian engagement with the broader world.

In contrast to earlier forms of Calvinism that might have focused more narrowly on personal piety and church life, Neo-Calvinism has a strong missionary and cultural mandate. It seeks to leaven the entire lump of society with Christian principles, aiming for a renewal of culture in accordance with God's will. The movement has had a significant influence on Reformed denominations and theological thought, particularly in North America and beyond.