Nembutsu

Nembutsu is a Buddhist practice of invoking the name of Amitābha Buddha. In Japanese, nembutsu combines nen 'mind' or 'to call to mind' with butsu 'Buddha,' and centers on the formula Namu Amida Butsu, often rendered as "I take refuge in Amida Buddha."

Traditionally it may be spoken aloud, recited silently, or chanted in a group. It serves as a devotional focus and, in Pure Land thought, aims at rebirth in the Pure Land, Sukhavati, where enlightenment is regarded as assured.

In Japanese Buddhism, nembutsu is central to Pure Land schools. Honen (1133–1212) taught that reciting Namu Amida Butsu leads to rebirth in the Pure Land. Shinran (1173–1263) emphasized shinjin—deep faith in Amitābha's vow—and taught that salvation comes through faith, while still using recitation as a natural expression of devotion.

Across East Asia, the form appears as "Namo Amituofo" in Chinese contexts and "Namu Amituofo" in Korean, with local language variants. Other Buddhist traditions may include nembutsu within broader practice rather than treating it as the sole path.

Nembutsu remains a widespread devotion in Pure Land Buddhism, reflecting reliance on Amitābha’s vow to save all beings and the possibility of rebirth in the Pure Land through faith and recitation.