Neighborhood

A neighborhood is a localized community within a city, town, or rural area, characterized by geographic proximity and social interactions among residents who share common spaces and daily routines. Boundaries are often informal and defined by streets, topography, or the location of public facilities, though they may be drawn for planning or administrative purposes. The term denotes a spatial unit that is smaller than a district or municipality and larger than a single block or building.

Neighborhoods typically include housing, local commerce, schools, parks, and other public or semi-public spaces. Their physical form can vary from dense urban apartments to low-density suburbs or rural settlements. Access to transportation, essential services, safety, and environmental quality influence how residents experience and use a neighborhood.

Social life in neighborhoods is shaped by demographic composition, cultural practices, and community networks. Residents may participate in associations, neighborhood councils, religious groups, or volunteer efforts that address local needs, organize events, or advocate for improvements. Local economies, small businesses, and informal social ties contribute to neighborhood identity and resilience.

Urban planning and policy studies use the concept of neighborhoods to promote livability, equity, and sustainability. Common topics include housing affordability and quality, walkability and transit access, safety and crime prevention, education and health services, and the impacts of gentrification and displacement. The word also reflects regional spelling differences, with “neighborhood” in American English and “neighbourhood” in many Commonwealth varieties, both signaling a place-based sense of belonging.