neighbourhood

A neighbourhood is a geographically defined area within a town or city where residents share social ties, places, and daily routines. Boundaries may be formal, such as administrative districts or census areas, or informal, defined by streets, landmarks, or community perception. Boundaries can shift over time due to housing development, policy changes, or demographic change.

A neighbourhood typically includes housing, streets, public spaces, shops, schools, places of worship, parks, and other facilities that serve residents. The mix of housing density, land use, and accessibility shapes daily life, mobility, and the character of the area.

Social life in a neighbourhood revolves around everyday interactions, local networks, and a sense of belonging. Neighbourliness can involve mutual aid, shared norms, and civic participation, but neighbourhoods can also face challenges such as poverty, crime, or social exclusion.

Governance and services are usually provided by municipal authorities, with residents often organizing through neighbourhood associations or advisory groups to influence planning, safety, and amenities. Local features such as street design, lighting, and public transport access contribute to safety and quality of life.

Planning and development influence neighbourhood character through zoning, infrastructure, and conservation of historic or cultural features. While some neighbourhoods retain distinct identities, others evolve rapidly with urban redevelopment or demographic shifts.