Nefrotoxicitási

Nefrotoxicitási refers to the property of certain substances, known as nephrotoxins, to cause damage to the kidneys. This damage can manifest in various ways, from temporary impairment of kidney function to irreversible kidney failure. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products from the blood, regulating electrolyte balance, and producing hormones, making their proper functioning essential for overall health.

Nephrotoxins can enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, or injection. Common sources include certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and some antibiotics, as well as heavy metals like lead and mercury. Industrial chemicals, pesticides, and even some natural toxins can also be nephrotoxic.

The mechanisms by which nephrotoxins damage the kidneys are diverse and depend on the specific agent. Some toxins directly injure kidney cells, while others disrupt blood flow to the kidneys or interfere with their ability to filter waste. Risk factors for developing nephrotoxicity include pre-existing kidney disease, dehydration, advanced age, and concurrent use of other nephrotoxic agents.

Symptoms of nephrotoxicity can range from subtle to severe and may include changes in urine output (decreased or increased), swelling in the legs and ankles, fatigue, nausea, and pain in the flank area. Early detection and management are crucial to prevent progression to chronic kidney disease or kidney failure. Diagnosis typically involves blood and urine tests to assess kidney function. Treatment focuses on removing the offending agent, providing supportive care, and managing any underlying conditions. Prevention strategies include judicious use of medications, avoiding exposure to known nephrotoxins, and maintaining adequate hydration.