Nefrotossicità

Nefrotossicità is a medical term used to describe an excessive accumulation of proteins in the urine. This condition can be a hallmark of kidney damage or disease, particularly those that affect the glomeruli, the tiny filters within the kidneys that separate waste from blood. Proteins in the urine can be a sign of glomerular damage, allowing waste products and excess fluid to leak through.

The term nephrotossicità is derived from the Greek words nephros, meaning "kidney", and tokos, meaning "labor" or "childbirth". It is often used interchangeably with the term proteinuria, which refers to the presence of proteins in the urine. However, nephrotossicità specifically implies an excessive level of proteins, whereas proteinuria may be used to describe any presence of proteins, regardless of the extent.

Nefrotossicità can be a symptom of various kidney diseases and conditions, including diabetic nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and minimal change disease. It can also be caused by exposure to certain toxins, medications, or infections. In some cases, the condition may be reversible with treatment, such as reducing protein intake or addressing underlying kidney damage.

Determined through a urinalysis, nephrotossicità can be diagnosed by assessing the levels of albumin and other proteins present in the urine. Management of the condition depends on the underlying cause and may involve medication, lifestyle adjustments, or in severe cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation.