Naturharzen

Naturharzen are natural organic compounds secreted by plants, primarily trees. They are amorphous, solid or semi-solid substances that become viscous or liquid when heated. These resins are often sticky and possess a characteristic odor. Their composition is complex, typically consisting of resin acids, esters, alcohols, and neutral compounds. Natural resins are insoluble in water but dissolve in organic solvents like alcohol, turpentine, and essential oils.

Plants produce natural resins as a defense mechanism against insects and pathogens, and to seal wounds. They are found in specialized ducts or cavities within the plant tissue. Over geological time, some resins can fossilize into amber. Historically, natural resins have been used for a wide variety of purposes. Their adhesive properties made them valuable in varnishes, lacquers, and glues. Their aromatic qualities led to their use in incense, perfumes, and as flavoring agents. Furthermore, their antimicrobial properties were utilized in medicinal applications.

Common examples of natural resins include colophony (from pine trees), dammar (from Dipterocarpaceae trees), shellac (from lac insects), and mastic (from the mastic tree). While synthetic resins have replaced many natural resin applications, they remain important in specific industries, including art, musical instrument making, and certain food and pharmaceutical preparations where their unique properties are desired. The study and classification of natural resins fall under the field of chemistry and botany.