Naturalizacji

Naturalizacji, or naturalization, is the legal process by which a non-citizen acquires the citizenship of a country. It is distinct from birthright or citizenship by descent and typically requires an official decision by a government authority after the applicant meets defined conditions.

Common requirements often include a period of legal residence in the country, language proficiency, and knowledge of the country’s history, institutions, and civic life. Additional criteria may include a stable income or means of support, good character, and a demonstrated intention to reside in the country. Some jurisdictions require an oath or pledge of allegiance. Policies on dual or multiple citizenship vary: some nations allow it, while others impose restrictions or require renunciation of previous citizenship.

Process: interested individuals generally file an application with the relevant authority, such as an immigration or naturalization agency. They attach documents such as proof of identity, residence status, language ability, and absence of serious criminal records. The application undergoes background checks and sometimes an interview or examination. If approved, the applicant becomes a citizen after taking an oath or pledge, and receives a certificate and passport. The duration of the process ranges from months to several years, depending on the country and personal circumstances.

In Poland, the term naturalizacji is used. Citizenship by naturalization is typically granted by the President after meeting conditions related to lawful residence, language knowledge, and integration, among others. Poland generally allows dual citizenship, and the presidential decision formalizes the new status.