Natriumstörungen

Natriumstörungen, also known as sodium imbalances, refer to deviations in the normal concentration of sodium in the blood. Sodium is a vital electrolyte that plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. The two primary types of natriumstörungen are hyponatremia, characterized by low sodium levels, and hypernatremia, characterized by high sodium levels.

Hyponatremia can result from various factors including excessive fluid intake, certain medications, hormonal imbalances like SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion), or kidney and heart failure. Symptoms can range from mild, such as nausea and headaches, to severe, including confusion, seizures, and coma. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and gradually restoring sodium levels to prevent osmotic demyelination syndrome.

Hypernatremia is often caused by dehydration, insufficient water intake, excessive sodium intake, or conditions like diabetes insipidus. Symptoms can include thirst, dry mouth, weakness, and confusion. In severe cases, it can lead to neurological complications and even death. Treatment involves carefully rehydrating the patient and managing the underlying cause to lower sodium levels safely. Regular monitoring of electrolyte levels is essential for diagnosing and managing these conditions.