Natriumnitrat

Natriumnitrat, or sodium nitrate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaNO3. It is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. It melts at about 308 °C and decomposes on heating, releasing oxygen.

Natural occurrence: It occurs in nature as the mineral nitratine (NaNO3). Large deposits are found in arid regions, most famously the Chilean nitrate beds in the Atacama Desert. Historically these deposits were a major source of sodium nitrate for agriculture and industry.

Production: Industrial production is mainly synthetic: nitric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate to form sodium nitrate and the corresponding salt. It can also be obtained from natural nitrate deposits after processing.

Uses: In agriculture, sodium nitrate provides readily available nitrate nitrogen for crops. It is also used as an oxidizer in pyrotechnics and, historically, as a component of gunpowder. In the meat industry, nitrates and nitrites derived from nitrates act as curing agents; sodium nitrate itself is sometimes used as a preservative, especially in some cured meats.

Safety and environmental aspects: Natriumnitrat is an oxidizer; it can enhance combustion and react violently with fuels or reducing agents. It should be stored away from organic materials and heat. Exposure may irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Excess nitrates from agricultural use can cause water pollution and eutrophication.