Natriumkloridløsninger

Natriumkloridløsninger, or sodium chloride solutions, are aqueous mixtures of sodium chloride (table salt) dissolved in water. In solution, NaCl dissociates into Na+ and Cl− ions, which conduct electricity and influence the solution’s colligative properties.

The solubility of NaCl at room temperature is high, about 357 g per liter of water, and solubility increases with temperature. Solubility can be affected by factors such as pressure and the presence of other solutes, but NaCl remains highly soluble in water compared with many other salts.

Commonly encountered solutions include saline used in medicine. A 0.9% w/v NaCl solution, known as normal saline, is isotonic with human blood and is widely used for intravenous fluid therapy, wound irrigation, and other medical applications. In food processing, brines and saline dips rely on sodium chloride solutions to preserve and flavor products. Sodium chloride solutions are also used in laboratory settings for calibration, as electrolytes, and in various chemical syntheses.

Physically, adding NaCl to water increases density and elevates the boiling point while depressing the freezing point. The osmotic pressure of a typical 0.9% solution is about 308 milliosmoles per liter. Concentrated solutions can be irritating to skin and mucous membranes; high-ionic-strength solutions alter cell viability and must be handled with care. While generally safe in recommended medical doses, ingestion of very large quantities can disrupt electrolyte balance and water balance.