Nativity

Nativity refers to the birth of Jesus Christ and to representations of that event in art, music, and devotion. The term comes from Latin nasci "to be born" and conveys both the historical birth described in the Gospels and the visual or theatrical depictions that accompany Christmas celebrations.

The biblical basis is found in two New Testament accounts: Luke and Matthew. Luke narrates the annunciation to Mary, the journey to Bethlehem, the birth in a manger, the shepherds’ visitation, and the temple presentation. Matthew emphasizes the genealogy, the visit of the Magi, the threat from Herod, and the family’s flight to Egypt. Together they frame the birth as a fulfillment of prophecy and the beginning of Jesus’ life and mission.

Nativity scenes, or creches, have a long tradition in Christian culture. The first known living nativity is associated with Saint Francis of Assisi in the 13th century. Common elements include the Virgin Mary, Joseph, and the infant Jesus, with animals, shepherds, angels, and the Magi. These depictions appear in churches, homes, and public spaces and are reflected in carols, plays, and works of art.

In liturgy, nativity is central to Christmas celebrations. Western churches observe Christmas on December 25, while many Orthodox churches celebrate on January 7. The Advent season precedes the feast. The nativity is interpreted theologically as the incarnation—the belief that God became human for humanity’s salvation—and remains a central symbol across Christian denominations.