Nanofiltratsiooniga

Nanofiltratsiooniga is a membrane filtration process that uses semi-permeable membranes to remove contaminants from water. These membranes have pore sizes ranging from 0.001 to 0.01 micrometers, which are smaller than those used in microfiltration and ultrafiltration, but larger than those used in reverse osmosis. This allows nanofiltration to remove a wide range of substances, including dissolved salts, divalent ions, organic molecules, and pathogens, while allowing monovalent ions and smaller molecules to pass through.

The nanofiltration process typically involves pumping water under pressure through a membrane module. The membrane acts as a selective barrier, allowing purified water to pass through while retaining the contaminants on the other side. The retained contaminants are then flushed away as a concentrate stream. Nanofiltration is often used in water treatment applications, such as desalination, wastewater treatment, and the production of high-purity water for industrial processes. It is also employed in the food and beverage industry for applications like demineralization and concentration of juices and dairy products. The main advantage of nanofiltration is its ability to remove a broad spectrum of contaminants with lower energy consumption compared to reverse osmosis, as it operates at lower pressures. However, it is less effective at removing monovalent ions and very small dissolved molecules.