Nachfrageführung

Nachfrageführung, also known as demand-side management or DSM, refers to the active influence of electricity consumers' consumption patterns. The primary goal is to shift electricity demand away from periods of peak load to off-peak periods. This can be achieved through various strategies, including economic incentives, direct load control, and energy efficiency programs. By influencing when and how consumers use electricity, utilities can better manage their resources, reduce the need for expensive and often less environmentally friendly peak power generation, and enhance the stability of the electricity grid.

Economic incentives are a common tool in Nachfrageführung. These can involve time-of-use pricing, where electricity is more expensive during peak demand hours and cheaper during off-peak hours. This encourages consumers to shift their usage, for example, by running appliances like dishwashers or charging electric vehicles during off-peak times. Rebates or financial rewards for reducing consumption during critical periods also fall under this category.

Direct load control (DLC) involves utility companies directly managing certain electrical devices in a customer's home or business. With customer consent, the utility can remotely cycle air conditioners, water heaters, or other high-demand appliances during peak load events. This allows for immediate reductions in demand without requiring active participation from the consumer.

Energy efficiency programs, while not directly about shifting demand in time, contribute to Nachfrageführung by reducing overall electricity consumption. By promoting the use of more efficient appliances, lighting, and building insulation, these programs lower the total demand on the grid, thereby easing pressure during peak times. Nachfrageführung plays a crucial role in modern grid management, supporting grid reliability and facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources.