NaC6H11O7

Citric acid, with the chemical formula NaC₆H₁₁O₇, is the sodium salt of citric acid (C₆H₈O₇). It is a white, crystalline powder that is highly soluble in water and commonly used as a food additive, preservative, and acidity regulator. The sodium salt form is derived from citric acid, a naturally occurring organic acid found in citrus fruits like lemons, limes, and oranges.

NaC₆H₁₁O₇ is widely utilized in the food industry due to its ability to enhance flavor, prevent microbial growth, and maintain pH balance. It is assigned the European Union (EU) food additive number E331 and is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The compound is also employed in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and household cleaning products for its chelating properties, which help bind metal ions and prevent precipitation.

In addition to its industrial applications, NaC₆H₁₁O₇ plays a role in biochemical research as a buffer in solutions to stabilize pH levels. It is non-toxic in moderate amounts but may cause gastrointestinal discomfort or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals when consumed in excess. Proper handling and storage are recommended to maintain its stability and effectiveness.

The chemical structure of NaC₆H₁₁O₇ consists of a citric acid molecule with one hydrogen ion replaced by a sodium ion (Na⁺), contributing to its solubility and reactivity in aqueous environments. Its molecular weight is approximately 258.14 g/mol, and it decomposes upon heating, releasing carbon dioxide and forming sodium carbonate.