NaC3H5O3

NaC3H5O3, commonly known as sodium lactate, is the sodium salt of lactic acid. It is a water-soluble form of lactate (the conjugate base of lactic acid) and is used in food, medicine, and industry. Its formula corresponds to a single sodium ion paired with the lactate anion, giving an approximate molar mass of 112 g/mol.

Production and structure

Sodium lactate is typically produced by neutralizing lactic acid with sodium hydroxide or by fermenting carbohydrates to lactic acid followed by neutralization. In solution, the lactate ion acts as a weak base, so aqueous solutions of sodium lactate are mildly basic, and the compound can function as a buffering agent.

Physical properties

Sodium lactate is a white, crystalline solid that is readily soluble in water. It is stable under normal conditions and forms solutions whose pH depends on concentration, due to the basic character of the lactate ion.

Uses

In the food industry, sodium lactate serves as a buffering agent, humectant, and acidity regulator, helping to maintain texture and moisture in processed foods. It is commonly designated as a food additive (often cited as E325 in regulatory codes in some regions). In medicine, sodium lactate is a component of lactated Ringer's solution, an intravenous fluid used for fluid and electrolyte replenishment and as a bicarbonate precursor to help correct metabolic acidosis. It also finds uses in cosmetics and various industrial processes as a buffering agent and moisture-retaining additive.

Safety

Sodium lactate is generally recognized as safe for its approved uses in foods and medical products. Ingestion of large amounts or improper concentrations can cause GI irritation or electrolyte imbalance; as with many salts, handling should follow standard safety protocols.