NQuads

N-Quads is a line-based RDF data serialization format used to encode quads: subject, predicate, object, and graph name (context). It is a direct extension of N-Triples and is designed for easy streaming and line-by-line processing of RDF datasets.

In N-Quads, each line represents a single quad. Terms are serialized as follows: IRIs are enclosed in angle brackets, blank nodes are written as _:id, and literals are enclosed in double quotes with an optional language tag (e.g., "hello"@en) or datatype (e.g., "42"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer>). The fields are separated by spaces and terminated with a period. The fourth field is the graph name, identifying the named graph or context to which the quad belongs; it is typically an IRI or a blank node.

N-Quads is commonly used for exporting and exchanging RDF datasets, especially when a simple, line-oriented format is advantageous, such as batch dumps, streaming RDF, or integration with tools that operate on a per-line basis. It is recommended for data transfer where machine readability and ease of parsing are priorities over human readability. N-Quads is compatible with many RDF processing libraries and triplestores; it is often used as an interchange format alongside formats like N-Triples, Turtle, and TriG.

Example:

<http://example.org/s1> <http://example.org/p1> <http://example.org/o1> <http://example.org/g1> .

<http://example.org/s2> <http://example.org/p2> "literal"@en <http://example.org/g2> .