NFCTechnologie

NFC technology is a set of communication protocols that enables two electronic devices to establish a short-range wireless connection by bringing them close together, typically within a few centimeters. It operates in the 13.56 MHz ISM band and is designed for simple, intuitive interactions between devices such as phones, readers, and tags.

NFC works by using magnetic field induction. In passive mode, one device powers the other with the electromagnetic field, allowing a passive tag or card to respond. In active mode, both devices generate their own fields and exchange data. Data transfer rates commonly span 106, 212, and 424 kbit/s, depending on the standards and modulation used.

Standards and formats underpinning NFC include ISO/IEC 14443 (proximity cards) and ISO/IEC 15693 (vicinity cards), complemented by NFC Forum specifications that define higher-level protocols and data formats, notably the NFC Data Exchange Format (NDEF). NFC also interoperates with other near-field technologies and card types, including some regional variations.

Common applications of NFC include contactless payments and mobile wallets, transit and access tickets, physical access control, information exchange via smart posters, and quick device pairing or data transfer between mobile devices. Its convenience stems from the need to simply tap or bring devices into contact.

Security and privacy considerations accompany NFC use. The short range reduces certain risks, but eavesdropping, data modification, and relay attacks can occur if implementations are weak. Security measures include mutual authentication, encryption, and secure elements in devices, though protection largely depends on the specific application and infrastructure.

NFC is considered a subset of RFID, distinguished by two-way communication, shorter range, and standardized formats that facilitate easy interaction between movable devices and passive or active tags.