NEIL3

NEIL3, also known as NEIL3 (DNA repair protein NEIL3 homolog), is a human gene that encodes a protein involved in DNA repair. This protein is part of the NEIL (NEIL1, NEIL2, NEIL3) family of DNA glycosylases, which are responsible for removing damaged bases from DNA. Specifically, NEIL3 is thought to play a role in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, a major cellular mechanism for repairing damaged DNA.

The NEIL3 protein has been shown to be capable of excising oxidized bases such as 8-oxoguanine and thymine glycol from DNA. These types of oxidative damage can arise from reactive oxygen species, which are byproducts of normal metabolic processes and can also be induced by environmental factors. Efficient repair of such damage is crucial for maintaining genomic stability and preventing mutations.

Research suggests that NEIL3 may have additional functions beyond its direct DNA glycosylase activity. Some studies indicate a role in DNA replication and cell cycle progression. The precise mechanisms and full spectrum of NEIL3's functions are still areas of active investigation. Mutations or dysregulation of NEIL3 have been implicated in certain diseases, highlighting its importance in cellular health.