NEIL2

NEIL2 is a DNA glycosylase that plays a crucial role in DNA repair. It belongs to the Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway, a primary mechanism for removing damaged or modified bases from the genome. Specifically, NEIL2 is involved in the repair of oxidative DNA damage.

The enzyme's primary substrates are oxidized pyrimidines, such as thymine glycol and 5,6-dihydrouracil. It also exhibits activity against other oxidized bases and abasic sites. NEIL2 recognizes and excises these damaged bases, creating an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site. This AP site is then processed by other enzymes in the BER pathway to complete the repair.

NEIL2 is expressed in various tissues and is particularly abundant in germ cells and early embryonic development. Its presence in these critical cell types suggests a significant role in maintaining genomic integrity during reproduction and development. Studies have indicated that NEIL2's activity is regulated by post-translational modifications, which can affect its localization and efficiency in DNA repair.

Dysregulation or deficiency in NEIL2 function has been linked to increased susceptibility to oxidative stress and potentially to certain diseases. Research continues to explore the precise mechanisms by which NEIL2 operates and its broader implications in maintaining cellular health and preventing disease.