Ménièrei

Ménière's disease is a disorder of the inner ear that can affect hearing and balance, causing episodes of vertigo. It is characterized by a combination of symptoms that typically include fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing or buzzing in the ear), a feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear, and vertigo. The exact cause of Ménière's disease is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to an imbalance of fluid in the inner ear. This fluid, known as endolymph, may build up to abnormal levels, increasing pressure within the labyrinth.

The symptoms of Ménière's disease often appear suddenly and can last for minutes to hours. During a vertigo attack, individuals may experience severe dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. The hearing loss in Ménière's disease can fluctuate, sometimes improving between attacks, but it may become permanent over time. Tinnitus can vary in pitch and intensity. The frequency and severity of attacks can differ greatly from person to person, and the condition can impact an individual's quality of life.

Diagnosis of Ménière's disease is typically based on the characteristic symptoms and a review of medical history and physical examination. There is no single test that definitively diagnoses the condition, but audiometric (hearing) tests and vestibular (balance) tests may be used to rule out other causes and support the diagnosis. Treatment aims to manage symptoms and reduce the frequency and severity of attacks. This can involve dietary changes, such as reducing salt intake, medications to control vertigo and nausea, and in some cases, vestibular rehabilitation therapy. For severe or persistent symptoms, surgical options may be considered.