Myzel

Myzel, or mycelium, is the vegetative part of a fungus, composed of a vast network of microscopic filaments called hyphae. This mesh forms the main body of the fungus and is responsible for nutrient absorption, growth, and interaction with the environment. Mycelium typically grows hidden within its substrate—soil, litter, wood, or other organic matter—but under favorable conditions it expands rapidly and may give rise to fruiting bodies such as mushrooms.

Hyphae are the individual filaments that branch and intertwine to create the mycelial network. They can be septate, containing cross-walls that divide the cytoplasm, or coenocytic, consisting of long, undivided cells. Growth occurs at the tips of hyphae, enabling the mycelium to explore new substrates. Some species form rhizomorphs, thick, root-like structures that transport water and nutrients across distances.

Ecologically, mycelium plays a central role in decomposition and nutrient cycling by breaking down complex organic matter, including cellulose and lignin. It also forms symbiotic relationships with plants known as mycorrhizae, in which the fungus aids in nutrient uptake (notably phosphorus and micronutrients) while receiving carbon compounds from the plant. Through these networks, mycelium influences soil structure, moisture dynamics, and ecosystem productivity.

Reproduction typically occurs via spores produced by specialized fruiting bodies. The mycelial stage may also reproduce asexually by fragmentation or budding in some species. In addition to its ecological functions, mycelium is of interest for human use and research, including edible mushrooms, fermentation, and the development of sustainable biomaterials and biotechnologies.