Myrkkykäärmeet

Myrkkykäärmeet, or venomous snakes, are a diverse group of reptiles characterized by their ability to produce and inject venom. This venom is typically used for subduing prey or for defense. Venomous snakes belong to several different families, with the most well-known being Viperidae (vipers and pit vipers) and Elapidae (cobras, kraits, mambas, and coral snakes).

The venom composition varies greatly among species, containing a complex mixture of proteins and enzymes. Some venoms are primarily hemotoxic, affecting the blood and circulatory system, causing symptoms like swelling, pain, and internal bleeding. Others are neurotoxic, targeting the nervous system and leading to paralysis, respiratory failure, and even death. Some snakes possess cytotoxic venoms that destroy tissue.

Distribution of venomous snakes is widespread across the globe, absent only from Antarctica, Iceland, Ireland, New Zealand, and a few small islands. Their habitats range from deserts and forests to grasslands and aquatic environments. Identification of venomous snakes is crucial for safety, though it can be challenging due to mimicry by non-venomous species. Symptoms of a venomous snakebite can vary depending on the snake species, the amount of venom injected, and the victim's health. Prompt medical attention is essential in cases of suspected venomous snakebite.