Mustine

Mustine, also known as mechlorethamine or nitrogen mustard, is a potent alkylating agent historically used in chemotherapy. It is a vesicant, meaning it can cause blistering upon contact with skin. Its mechanism of action involves the transfer of an alkyl group to DNA, which damages the DNA and interferes with its replication and function, ultimately leading to cell death.

Initially developed as a chemical weapon, its cytotoxic properties were discovered to be effective against rapidly dividing cancer cells. Mustine was one of the first chemotherapeutic agents to be widely used in the treatment of lymphomas, particularly Hodgkin's lymphoma, and certain leukemias. It was often administered intravenously. However, due to its severe toxicity and the development of newer, less toxic agents, its use in systemic chemotherapy has significantly declined.

Mustine is still employed in some specific dermatological treatments, notably for the management of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and mycosis fungoides. In this topical application, it is applied directly to affected skin lesions. Its use requires careful handling due to its vesicant nature and potential for systemic absorption. Side effects associated with mustine can include skin irritation, blistering, bone marrow suppression, nausea, and vomiting. Due to its hazardous nature, strict safety protocols are necessary during its preparation and administration.