Munuaiskeräskesiin

Munuaiskeräskesiin, also known as membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), is a complex kidney disease that affects the glomeruli, the tiny filtering units within the kidneys. It is characterized by the thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and proliferation of cells within the glomeruli. This damage impairs the kidneys' ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively.

MPGN is broadly classified into two main types based on the underlying cause and appearance under electron microscopy: Type I and Type II. Type I is the most common and is often associated with chronic infections, autoimmune diseases like lupus, or certain cancers. Type II, also known as dense deposit disease, is rarer and is characterized by the presence of electron-dense deposits within the glomerular basement membrane.

The symptoms of munuaiskeräskesiin can vary widely and may develop gradually over time. Common signs include blood in the urine (hematuria), protein in the urine (proteinuria), swelling (edema) in the legs, ankles, and face, and high blood pressure (hypertension). In more advanced stages, kidney function declines, leading to fatigue, decreased urination, and nausea.

Diagnosis typically involves blood and urine tests to assess kidney function and detect protein and blood. A kidney biopsy is often necessary to confirm the diagnosis and determine the specific type of MPGN. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause, controlling blood pressure, reducing inflammation, and slowing the progression of kidney disease. This may involve medications such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and ACE inhibitors or ARBs. In severe cases, dialysis or a kidney transplant may be required.