MultiTenancySzenarien

MultiTenancySzenarien describe the architectural patterns and operational practices used when a single software instance serves multiple tenants. In SaaS contexts, tenants are isolated customers or organizations that share applications and infrastructure while maintaining data isolation and configured workflows. The core decision is how much isolation is needed between tenants and how much resource sharing is allowed.

Common tenancy models include: separate database per tenant, where each tenant has its own schema or database; shared database with tenant identifier, where all tenants store data in the same tables with a tenant_id column; and hybrid approaches, combining aspects of both to balance isolation and cost.

In the application layer, tenancy can be implemented at the data layer, where access controls enforce tenant boundaries; at the service layer, where business logic can be parameterized per tenant; and via feature flags to enable or disable tenant-specific features. Operational considerations include onboarding and offboarding of tenants, provisioning and metering, backup and disaster recovery, and monitoring per-tenant SLAs.

Benefits of well-designed multi-tenancy include reduced infrastructure costs, easier maintenance of a single codebase, and scalable provisioning. Challenges include ensuring strict data isolation, performance isolation, complex upgrade paths, and compliance with data protection regulations. Security requires robust authentication, authorization, encryption, and audit logging.

Examples are common SaaS applications such as CRM or collaboration tools that serve multiple organizations using a shared instance, while delivering configurable data models and user experiences per tenant.