Mozgásszabadság

Mozgásszabadság, often translated as freedom of movement, is a fundamental human right recognized in various international treaties and national constitutions. It refers to the ability of individuals to move freely within their own country and to leave and return to their country without undue restriction. This right encompasses not only physical movement but also the freedom to choose one's residence and to travel internationally.

Historically, the concept of movement has been tied to basic human needs like migration for resources, trade, and safety. In modern legal frameworks, mozgásszabadság is seen as essential for personal autonomy, economic opportunity, and the exercise of other rights and freedoms. Restrictions on movement are generally permissible only under specific, legally defined circumstances, such as for public health, national security, or to prevent crime, and must be necessary and proportionate to the objective.

International agreements like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights explicitly protect this freedom. National laws in many countries also enshrine mozgásszabadság, though the scope and limitations can vary. Issues related to mozgásszabadság can arise in contexts such as border controls, internal displacement, and the rights of refugees and migrants. The right is a cornerstone of a free and open society, allowing individuals to participate fully in social and economic life.