Mourides

The Mourides, also known as Murids, are a major Sufi Muslim brotherhood (tariqa) that arose in the Senagalese Sahel in the late 19th century. The movement was founded by Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba Mbacké, who promoted a path of personal piety, nonviolence, and devotion to God, while encouraging a strong work ethic and service to the community. Mouride teaching emphasizes adherence to Sunni Islam, the veneration of the Prophet Muhammad, and the guidance of a spiritual teacher within a hierarchical lineage.

The organizational center of the Mourides is the holy city of Touba, where mosques, tombs, and educational compounds form a religious and social hub. The order is led by a Khalifa (caliph), a spiritual successor tracing his authority within Ahmadou Bamba’s lineage, and supported by a network of marabouts, daara (religious schools), and brotherhood associations. A key feature of Mouride life is the integration of religious learning with practical work, especially in agriculture and commerce, and a robust daara system that teaches Qur’an,Arabic, and secular subjects.

Major practices include regular dhikr and prayers, adherence to the Murid code of conduct, and participation in charitable activities. The Grande Magal de Touba is a major annual pilgrimage commemorating Bamba’s life and death, drawing adherents from across Senegal and beyond. The Baye Fall is a well-known sub-group within the movement, recognized for distinctive dress and a strong emphasis on labor.

Globally, the Mourides have a substantial presence in Senegal and The Gambia, with diaspora communities in Europe and the Americas. They have played a significant role in religious life, education, and social and economic networks within the region.