Mononchida

Mononchida is an order of predatory nematodes, commonly known as predatory or mononchid nematodes. These microscopic roundworms are found in a variety of soil environments worldwide, from agricultural fields to natural ecosystems. Their diet primarily consists of other nematodes, but they can also feed on rotifers, protozoa, and tardigrades. This predatory behavior makes them important components of soil food webs, influencing the populations of other soil fauna.

A distinguishing characteristic of Mononchida is the presence of a prominent, hollow tooth located in the dorsal part of the pharynx. This tooth is used to pierce the cuticle of their prey, allowing them to ingest the internal tissues. The morphology of this tooth can vary among different species and is often used in taxonomic identification. Mononchids are typically free-living and do not parasitize plants or animals. Their life cycle involves egg, four larval stages, and an adult stage. Reproduction is generally sexual.

The ecological role of Mononchida extends beyond predation. By controlling populations of other nematodes, including some plant-parasitic species, they can indirectly benefit plant health. Their presence and abundance in soil can serve as an indicator of soil health and ecosystem functioning. Research into Mononchida continues to explore their diverse ecological roles and potential applications in biological control strategies.