Mongondow

Mongondow refers to an indigenous ethnic group native to North Sulawesi, Indonesia. They are most closely associated with the Bolaang Mongondow region along the northern coast and adjacent uplands, but communities identified as Mongondow are present in other parts of North Sulawesi and in urban centers elsewhere in Indonesia.

Language: The Mongondow language, an Austronesian language, is spoken by Mongondow communities. Most speakers are bilingual in Indonesian, the national language, and language use varies by age and location.

Society and culture: Traditional social organization has relied on adat (customary law) and clan or village affiliations. Cultural practices include rites of passage, ceremonies, and crafts that reflect a blend of indigenous traditions with influences from Islam and Christianity, which are widely practiced in the region alongside traditional beliefs.

Economy and demographics: Economies are based on agriculture (rice, root crops, coconuts) and fishing, with some people engaged in commerce and public services. Education and infrastructure have expanded in North Sulawesi, influencing Mongondow communities through migration and urbanization.

History: The Mongondow region has long participated in regional trade networks across the Sulawesi Sea and experienced Dutch influence during the colonial era. In the post-independence era, Mongondow communities have been integrated into Indonesia's administrative structure, while adat institutions continue to influence local governance in many villages.