Molise

Molise is a region of southern Italy bordered by Abruzzo to the north, Lazio to the west, Campania to the south, and the Adriatic Sea to the east. Its capital is Campobasso, and the region is divided into the provinces of Campobasso and Isernia. It covers about 4,450 square kilometers and has a population of around 300,000, making it one of Italy’s smaller regions by population.

Geography and major towns: The terrain is largely mountainous, part of the Apennines, with the Matese massif extending into Molise. The Adriatic coast provides beaches and fishing towns, notably Termoli. The main rivers include the Fortore and the Biferno. The region also contains scenic hill towns and protected natural areas.

History: The area has been inhabited since ancient times by Oscan and Samnite communities. It later became part of Roman and medieval states, and after the unification of Italy Molise was established as a separate region in 1963, evolving from the historic Abruzzi e Molise. The name Molise has ancient roots, but its exact etymology is uncertain.

Economy and society: The economy relies on agriculture, livestock, and small-scale manufacturing. Local products include wine (notably Tintilia del Molise), olive oil, and cheeses. Tourism concentrates on medieval towns, castles, archaeological sites such as Pietrabbondante, and the Adriatic coast. The region faces demographic challenges, with limited population growth and ongoing out-migration.

Culture and places: Notable towns and sites include Campobasso, Isernia, and Termoli; Agnone is renowned for its historic bell foundries; Pietrabbondante hosts an ancient Samnite sanctuary, and Capracotta is known for winter sports in the Matese. Molise preserves distinctive dialects and culinary traditions as part of its regional identity.