Mióma

Mióma, also known as fibroids or leiomyomas, are non-cancerous tumors that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus. They are very common, particularly in women of reproductive age, and their exact cause is not fully understood but is believed to be related to hormones, particularly estrogen. Mióma can vary in size, number, and location within the uterus. They may grow on the outer surface of the uterus, within the uterine wall, or protrude into the uterine cavity.

Many mióma cause no symptoms and are discovered incidentally during routine pelvic exams or imaging tests. When symptoms do occur, they can include heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain or pressure, frequent urination, constipation, and pain during sexual intercourse. The severity of symptoms often depends on the size, number, and location of the mióma.

Diagnosis typically involves a pelvic exam, ultrasound, and sometimes other imaging techniques like MRI or hysteroscopy. Treatment options depend on the presence and severity of symptoms, as well as the patient's age and desire for future fertility. Options range from watchful waiting for asymptomatic mióma to medications to manage bleeding or shrink fibroids, and surgical interventions such as myomectomy (surgical removal of fibroids) or hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus). In some cases, less invasive procedures like uterine fibroid embolization may be considered.