Mitral valve replacement is typically recommended when conservative treatments, such as medication or lifestyle changes, fail to improve symptoms or when the valve damage is severe enough to pose a significant risk to the patient’s health. Common symptoms prompting consideration of valve replacement include shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, irregular heartbeat, and swelling in the legs or abdomen.
There are two primary types of mitral valve replacement options: mechanical valves and biological (tissue) valves. Mechanical valves are durable and long-lasting, often lasting 20 to 30 years or more, but require lifelong anticoagulant therapy to prevent blood clots. Biological valves, derived from animal tissue or human donors, do not require anticoagulants but tend to degenerate over time, typically lasting 10 to 15 years. The choice between these options depends on factors such as the patient’s age, overall health, lifestyle, and personal preferences.
In recent years, transcatheter mitral valve repair or replacement (TMVR) has emerged as a less invasive alternative to traditional open-heart surgery. This procedure is performed through a catheter inserted via a blood vessel, often in the groin, and is particularly beneficial for high-risk patients who are not suitable candidates for surgery. TMVR procedures include options like the Mitral Clip (for repair) or transcatheter mitral valve implants (for replacement), which aim to reduce surgical risks while improving outcomes.
The decision to undergo mitral valve replacement is made collaboratively by the patient and their healthcare team, considering the risks and benefits of each option. Post-procedure care involves regular follow-ups to monitor valve function, manage any necessary medications, and address potential complications such as infection, bleeding, or valve dysfunction. Advances in medical technology continue to improve the safety and effectiveness of mitral valve replacement, offering patients with valve disease renewed hope for a healthier future.